Cause and consequence
While E.H. Carr’s claim that ‘all history is the history of causes’ may have been widely challenged by historians anxious to demonstrate the breadth of their concerns and the range of other important questions to be asked about the past, causal explanation features prominently in history teaching and learning at all stages within the school curriculum. The resources in this section will help teachers to think about the nature of progression in students’ understanding of cause and consequence and to recognise common misconceptions that they may need to address. The materials offer a wide range of practical strategies, as well as insights drawn from historians’ practice and research into students’ understanding, that will help teachers to determine the most useful ways of helping students to develop more powerful causal explanations. Some of them also highlight the need to pay more attention in planning schemes of work to the identification, explanation and evaluation of historical consequences. Read more
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Holistic assessment through speaking and listening
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Does scaffolding make them fall? Reflecting on strategies for developing causal argument in Years 8 and 11
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Scott's 5-stage model for progression in conceptual understanding of causation
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Mussolini's missing marbles: simulating history at GCSE
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Does the linguistic release the conceptual? Helping Year 10 to improve their casual reasoning
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Camels, diamonds and counterfactuals: a model for teaching causal reasoning
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Illuminating the shadow: making progress happen in casual thinking through speaking and listening
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Move Me On 92: Having problems teaching causation
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Being ambitious with the causes of the First World War: interrogating inevitability
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